On-line state-of-charge estimation of a solid-state hydrogen storage system

Description of the thesis:The development of sustainable mobility is one of the main objectives of the energy transition. Hydrogen-based solutions complement those based entirely on battery-powered electrification. However, there are several technological obstacles to the large-scale use of hydrogen [1]. Hydrogen is very light, occupying a greater volume than any other gas for the same mass. This makes it a challenge to store and transport. At normal temperature and pressure, around 11 m3 of volume - equivalent to the boot space of a large commercial vehicle - is needed to store just 1 kg of hydrogen. This is enough to cover km. To store, transport and distribute hydrogen, the solution is either to liquefy it by cooling (-°C), or to keep it gaseous under very high pressure ( or bars, i.e., - or -times atmospheric pressure) [2]. What's more, the hydrogen molecule is so small that it passes through most of the materials used for tanks. As a result, the infrastructure needed to transport hydrogen is far more problematic and costly than for other common gases. An alternative solution is to store hydrogen in metal alloys at low pressure and temperature [3].Some metals or metal alloys react spontaneously with dihydrogen. This reaction produces a metal hydride and heat (exothermic reaction) during the tank filling (or absorption) phase [4]. The reverse reaction, known as endothermic, produces dihydrogen and cold (desorption). The exothermic (respectively, endothermic) nature of dihydrogen absorption (respectively, desorption) reactions lend particular importance to the optimum management of heat transfer within the hydride bed. These are intimately linked to the quantity of hydrogen in play at any given moment in a reservoir of this type [5].The objective of this thesis is the development of a state-of-charge estimator for metal hydride hydrogen tanks. It is noteworthy that very few studies have explored the possibility of accurate, real-time state-of-charge estimation for these tanks. Some methods, described as simply, are based on a direct relationship between the state of charge of the tank and the flow rate of hydrogen either injected into or extracted from it [1], [5]-[8]. This relationship is usually expressed by a mapping table or a static regression model. The implementation of these methods is straightforward, and they can provide a fairly accurate estimate of the state of charge when a tank is used in isolation in a test rig. However, a complexity arises when these tanks are coupled with a fuel cell to form a cogeneration system. The system's state of charge then becomes dependent on the dynamics of the fuel cell.The candidate selected to carry out this thesis project will have to explore new approaches of estimators with the aim of practical implementation through the following actions:• Development of real-time algorithms for estimating the state of charge of hydride tanks, applicable to both transport and stationary applications.• Implementation of a PHIL system to test, validate and verify the performance of the proposed algorithms.• Integration of these algorithms into energy management of hybrid fuel cell power sources supplied by metal hydride tanks. Références bibliographiques / Bibliography[1] D. Chabane, F. Harel, A. Djerdir, D. Candusso, O. ElKedim, and N. Fenineche, “A new method for the characterization of hydrides hydrogen tanks dedicated to automotive applications,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 41, no. 27, pp. –, , doi: 10./j.ijhydene..12..[2] S. H. Suárez, D. Chabane, A. N’Diaye, Y. Ait-Amirat, and A. Djerdir, “Static and dynamic characterization of metal hydride tanks for energy management applications,” Renew. Energy, vol. , pp. 59–70, May , doi: 10./J.RENENE..04..[3] D. Chabane, M. Ibrahim, F. Harel, A. Djerdir, D. Candusso, and O. Elkedim, “Energy management of a thermally coupled fuel cell system and metal hydride tank,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, no. 50, pp. –, Oct. , doi: 10./j.ijhydene..08..[4] D. Chabane, F. Harel, A. Djerdir, D. Candusso, O. Elkedim, and N. Fenineche, “Dynamic modeling of hydrogen desorption from a metal hydride tank using the electrical fluidic analogy,” p. 1 p, Jun. , Accessed: Aug. 04, . [Online]. Available: [5] S. H. Suárez, D. Chabane, A. N’diaye, Y. Ait-Amirat, O. Elkedim, and A. Djerdir, “Evaluation of the Performance Degradation of a Metal Hydride Tank in a Real Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle,” Energies , Vol. 15, Page , vol. 15, no. 10, p. , May , doi: 10./EN.[6] D. Zhu, D. Chabane, Y. Ait-Amirat, A. N’Diaye, and A. Djerdir, “Estimation of the State of Charge of a Hydride Hydrogen Tank for Vehicle Applications,” in IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Dec. , pp. 1–6. doi: 10./VPPC...[7] D. Chabane, L. Serairi, M. Iqbal, A. Djerdir, N. Fenineche, and O. Elkedim, “Innovative method to estimate state of charge of the hydride hydrogen tank: application of fuel cell electric vehicles,” Int. J. Model. Simul., , doi: 10./...[8] D. Chabane, F. Harel, A. Djerdir, D. Candusso, O. El Kedim, and N. Fenineche, “Dynamic modeling of hydrogen desorption from a metal hydride tank using the electrical fluidic analogy,” World Hydrog. Energy Conf., vol. 1, , Accessed: Jan. 04, . [Online]. Available: Starting date -10-02 Funding category Public funding alone (i.e. government, region, European, international organization research grant) Funding further details Contrat doctoral UBFC (EUR EIPHI)